The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall was a short story published in the June 1835 issue of Southern Literary Messenger. The story which was written as a hoax story and purports to be a manuscript that details how Pfaall intended to reach the moon using a new ballon and a device that would compress the vacuum of space into breathable air. As such it is one of the earliest examples of a scientific approach to space flight in fiction.
In 1839, Burton's Gentleman's Magazine published The Conversation of Eiros And Charmion and it may be the first apocalyptic science fiction story. In it Eiros describes to Charmion (both dead) how the world ended due to loss of nitrogen from the atmosphere.
Apocalyptic fiction wasn't the only sub-genre that Edgar Allan Poe helped to create. A Tale of the Ragged Mountains was published in Godey's Lady's Book in 1944 (and later included in Poe's collection Tales in 1845). The story may be the first example of physical time travel in science fiction.
from "The History of Science Fiction - The 19th Century" at Solar Flare
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